Pre Test #1b

Basic Human Neuroanatomy

A Clinically Oriented Atlas

Pretest #1b

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The spinothalamic tract:
a. is a crossed, ascending (sensory) tract
b. is located in the lateral funiculus (white column) of the spinal cord
c. carries information concerning pain and temperature sensation
d. all of the above are correct
e. only a and c are correct
The substantia gelatinosa:
a. is a nucleus of the posterior horn of the spinal cord
b. is present only from T1 to L3 in the spinal cord
c. is an important spinal cord center for the modulation and integration of pain sensation
d. all of the above are correct
e. only a and c are correct
Important tracts in the lateral funiculus (white column) of the spinal cord include:
a. fasciculus cuneatus
b. lateral corticospinal tract
c. fasciculus gracilis
d. all of the above are correct
e. only a and c are correct

Nuclei located in the thoracic region of the spinal cord include:
a. the substantia gelatinosa
b. the thoracic nucleus
c. the intermediolateral cell column
d. all of the above are correct
e. only a and c are correct
The fasciculus cuneatus :
a. is located in the anterior funiculus (white column) of the spinal cord
b. is a crossed, descending tract
c. carries information concerned with touch and conscious proprioception
d. all of the above are correct
e. only a and c are correct
A patient presents with a 3 week history of numbness and tingling in the perineal region bilaterally, erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence, and loss of rectal sphincter tone on examination. The remainder of the neurological exam is unremarkable. Where is the lesion and what is the most likely cause of these signs and symptoms?
a. conus medullaris/tumor
b. medial frontal lobe/parasagittal meningioma
c. S2-4 cauda equina/L5-S1 central herniated disc
d. lumbosacral plexus bilaterally/inflammatory process
e. S2-4 spinal cord/ependymoma of the central canal
Important tracts in the anterior funiculus (white column) of the spinal cord include:
a. vestibulospinal tract (sometimes called the lateral vestibulospinal tract)
b. pontine (medial) reticulospinal tract
c. medial longitudinal fasciculus (sometimes called the medial vestibulospinal tract)
d. anterior corticospinal tract
e. all of the above are correct
Structures found in the midbrain include:
a. substantia nigra
b. inferior olivary nucleus
c. red nucleus
d. all of the above are correct
e. only a and c are correct
Which structures are found in the upper medulla?
a. pontine and motor nuclei of the trigeminal nerve
b. fourth ventricle
c. superior colliculus
d. middle cerebellar peduncle
e. only b and d are correct
Nuclei of cranial nerves VI (abducent) and VII (facial) are found in the:
a. upper midbrain
b. lower midbrain
c. upper pons
d. lower pons
e. upper medulla
Which structures are found in the tegmentum of the brain stem?
a. crus cerebri
b. pyramidal tract
c. superior colliculus
d. facial nucleus
e. cerebral aqueduct
A patient presents with a complete left lower motor neuron facial nerve lesion distal to the geniculate ganglion. Which of the following signs and symptoms would NOT be present?
a. paralysis of all of the muscles of facial expression on the left
b. impaired lacrimation in the left eye
c. hyperacusis in the left ear
d. impaired taste on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue on the left
e. partially decreased saliva production on the left
Which of the following cranial nerves supplies the levator veli palatini muscle?
a. vagus nerve (X)
b. mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3)
c. oculomotor nerve (III)
d. facial nerve (VII)
e. glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

The oculomotor nerve (III):
a. emerges from the upper midbrain (superior collicular level) into the interpeduncular fossa
b. passes between the proximal portions of the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries
c. enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure
d. all of the above are correct
e. only a and c are correct
A basilar skull fracture passing through the middle cranial fossa might damage which of the following structures?
a. glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
b. maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (V2)
c. vagus nerve (X)
d. middle meningeal artery
e. internal jugular vein
f. mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3)
g. all of the above are correct
h. only a, c, and e are correct
i. only b, d, and f are correct
The trigeminal nerve (V) is related to which of the following brain stem nuclei?
a. the motor nucleus of V – SVE neuron cell bodies whose axons supply the striated muscles of mastication
b. nucleus of the solitary tract (tractus solitarius) – first-order GVA axons (from viscera of the chest and abdomen) synapse here
c. spinal nucleus of V – first-order GSA axons carrying pain and temperature information from the ipsilateral face synapse here
d. the pontine (principal or chief sensory) nucleus of V – first-order SVA-taste axons (from the posterior third of the tongue) synapse here
e. all of the above are correct
f. only a and c are correct
g. only b and d are correct
A patient presents with the acute onset of weakness of the right face, arm, and leg without any other neurological signs or symptoms. Where is the most likely location of the lesion, and what is the most likely cause?
a. left frontal lobe/middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarct
b. left thalamus/posterior cerebral artery (PCA) infarct
c. left posterior limb of the internal capsule (3rd quarter)/anterior choroidal artery branch occlusion
d. right C4 spinal cord/anterior spinal artery infarct
e. left upper midbrain/posterior communicating artery branch occlusion
The posteromedial (thalamoperforating) group of central (or perforating) arteries:
a. supplies the posterior hypothalamus, anterior, inferior, and medial regions of the thalamus, and medial portions of the midbrain
b. enters the brain through the posterior perforated substance
c. arises from the posterior communicating arteries and the proximal parts of the posterior cerebral arteries
d. all of the above are correct
e. only a and c are correct

Extended Matching Set - For each of the 8 questions below, indicate the letter of the most closely related item from the list. Each option may be correct for more than one question.
Arterial supply to the primary visual cortex (area 17).
a. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
b. Anterior choroidal artery
c. Great cerebral vein
d. Long circumferential branches of basilar artery
e. Anterior spinal artery
f. Anterior cerebral artery
g. Posterior cerebral artery
h. Paramedian branches of the basilar artery
i. Cavernous sinus
j. Cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery
Occlusion of this artery would result in numbness and weakness of the contralateral lower limb.
a. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
b. Anterior choroidal artery
c. Great cerebral vein
d. Long circumferential branches of basilar artery
e. Anterior spinal artery
f. Anterior cerebral artery
g. Posterior cerebral artery
h. Paramedian branches of the basilar artery
i. Cavernous sinus
j. Cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery

Arterial supply to the basal (anterior) part of the pons.
a. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
b. Anterior choroidal artery
c. Great cerebral vein
d. Long circumferential branches of basilar artery
e. Anterior spinal artery
f. Anterior cerebral artery
g. Posterior cerebral artery
h. Paramedian branches of the basilar artery
i. Cavernous sinus
j. Cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery
Venous return from deep structures of the forebrain flows through this structure.
a. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
b. Anterior choroidal artery
c. Great cerebral vein
d. Long circumferential branches of basilar artery
e. Anterior spinal artery
f. Anterior cerebral artery
g. Posterior cerebral artery
h. Paramedian branches of the basilar artery
i. Cavernous sinus
j. Cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery
Arterial supply to the anterior horn and lateral funiculus of the spinal cord.
a. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
b. Anterior choroidal artery
c. Great cerebral vein
d. Long circumferential branches of basilar artery
e. Anterior spinal artery
f. Anterior cerebral artery
g. Posterior cerebral artery
h. Paramedian branches of the basilar artery
i. Cavernous sinus
j. Cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery
Arterial supply to the amygdala and anterior part of the hippocampus.
a. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
b. Anterior choroidal artery
c. Great cerebral vein
d. Long circumferential branches of basilar artery
e. Anterior spinal artery
f. Anterior cerebral artery
g. Posterior cerebral artery
h. Paramedian branches of the basilar artery
i. Cavernous sinus
j. Cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery
Arterial supply to parts of the medulla and cerebellum.
a. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
b. Anterior choroidal artery
c. Great cerebral vein
d. Long circumferential branches of basilar artery
e. Anterior spinal artery
f. Anterior cerebral artery
g. Posterior cerebral artery<
h. Paramedian branches of the basilar artery
i. Cavernous sinus
j. Cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery
Closely related to cranial nerves III, IV, V, and VI.
a. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
b. Anterior choroidal artery
c. Great cerebral vein
d. Long circumferential branches of basilar artery
e. Anterior spinal artery
f. Anterior cerebral artery
g. Posterior cerebral artery
h. Paramedian branches of the basilar artery
i. Cavernous sinus
j. Cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery

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